Orthopedics is a branch of medicine that focuses on diagnosing, treating, and preventing disorders of the musculoskeletal system. This system includes bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and nerves. Orthopedic doctors (orthopedists) treat a variety of conditions related to the bones and muscles, including fractures, arthritis, back pain, sports injuries, deformities, and congenital conditions.
Orthopedics can be broadly divided into several subspecialties, including:
- Sports Medicine – Focuses on injuries related to sports and exercise, such as ligament tears or tendonitis.
- Joint Replacement Surgery – Involves replacing damaged joints, most commonly the hip and knee, due to arthritis or injury.
- Spine Surgery – Treats conditions of the spine, such as herniated discs, scoliosis, and spinal stenosis.
- Pediatric Orthopedics – Specializes in treating musculoskeletal problems in children, including congenital conditions like hip dysplasia.
- Trauma – Deals with fractures, dislocations, and injuries from accidents or falls.
- Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery – Focuses on problems with the hands, wrists, and elbows, including carpal tunnel syndrome and fractures.
- Foot and Ankle Surgery – Treats issues like sprains, fractures, or conditions such as bunions or plantar fasciitis.
Treatment can range from physical therapy and medication to surgical intervention, depending on the condition.
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